Also by using the slag materials, no appreciable amounts of dust covering the road and surrounding areas was observed. Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2(2208), 1–8. 2000, Song et al. 0000033704 00000 n Steelmaking slag is an integral part of the steelmaking process. 0000086431 00000 n Basic slag is a co-product of steelmaking, and is typically produced either through the blast furnace- oxygen converterroute or the electric arc furnace- ladle furnace route. 0000065008 00000 n slag does not have the hydraulic properties of water-cooled slag. Basic slag is a co-product of steelmaking, and is typically produced either through the blast furnace - oxygen converter route or the electric arc furnace - ladle furnace route. It is produced during the separation of the liquid steel from impurities in steelmaking furnace and is a non-metallic by-product of steelmaking process. �\�G�@����A ĉ`iA���8�� �[X�B�80=м���q� C�Æh���@U�>3\k(a�> Z�Z�Z�����"�s��� �'v��0�f}�P���0���g�Y��;�30`p`�`H�a���y�[����A� S�&�n��B���ۄ����;�'p^`x�0���A�A“� ��#�����p7^tx���À-�R��\1�F����q ���`��g`�t.�0 V6�. 0000033550 00000 n Blast furnace slag is mildly alkaline and shows a pH in solution in the range of 8 to 10. 0000010584 00000 n In this chapter, the results of research conducted worldwide (laboratory and in situ) are presented to illustrate the high value of blast furnace slag as a material in civil engineering projects. 0000247137 00000 n Basic-oxygen furnaces, which are located at integrated steel mills in association with a blast furnace, are charged with the molten iron produced in the blast furnace and steel scraps. 0000058826 00000 n 8.5. 0000006326 00000 n Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. 0000076798 00000 n 0000015655 00000 n 0000011016 00000 n Table 8.5. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Blast-furnace slag is tapped from the furnace as a liquid, which contains gases held in solution. %PDF-1.4 %���� Few reports have studied slag binders with high slag proportions (>90%) and low-cost activators (solid waste is used) that have higher performance than cement for backfilling. 0000007616 00000 n In this study, slag cement (SC) is used to prepare different slag cement mortar (SCM) mixes to study mortar microstructure perspectives, physiochemical properties, mechanical properties and durability performance. The conditions of cooling control both the growth of mineral crystals and the quantity and size of gas bubbles that can escape before being trapped by solidification of the slag mass. Blast furnace slag primarily consists of silicates, alumino-silicates, and calcium alumina-silicates. 2003, Wang and Scrivener 2003, Gruskovnjak et al. GGBFS only provides increased sulfate resistance or resistance to ASR if > 35% by mass is added. To flux the silica produced during steelmaking, limestoneand/or dolomiteare added, as well as other types of slag conditioners such as calcium aluminateor fluorspar. Ground granulated blast furnace slag is an eco-friendly material with regard to its production process and usage. 1994, Wang and Scrivener 1995, Puertas et al. Granulated blast furnace slag was first developed in Germany in 1853 (Malhotra 1996). Hot mix asphalt that contains nickel slag aggregate— Laboratory evaluation of use in highway construction. 0000064928 00000 n Tsang, in, Sustainable Remediation of Contaminated Soil and Groundwater, Properties of SCC with industrial by-products as aggregates, Self-Compacting Concrete: Materials, Properties and Applications, Petroleum Engineer's Guide to Oil Field Chemicals and Fluids, Petroleum Engineer's Guide to Oil Field Chemicals and Fluids (Second Edition), Ferrous metal production and ferrous slags, The Utilization of Slag in Civil Infrastructure Construction, Construction Materials: Lightweight Aggregates, Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology, Unbound slag aggregate use in construction. of EAF and ladle slag together with 2% of cement and 16 cm (5/8 in.) The content of iron (Fe) in blast furnace slag (ABS/GBS) is usually lower than 0.5 wt. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978008100368800004X, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128179826000057, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128173695000106, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123838445000180, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128037348000187, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081003817000021, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080431526002771, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081003817000057, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781845694494500035, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081003817000082, Application of blast furnace slag in civil engineering, Ivanka Netinger Grubeša, ... Samitinjay S. Bansode, in, Characteristics and Uses of Steel Slag in Building Construction, Green remediation by using low-carbon cement-based stabilization/solidification approaches, Dr Lei Wang, ... Dr Daniel C.W. 0000003830 00000 n Clearly, when using slag in geopolymerization, careful control of particle size distribution can be utilized to control the strength development profile, as is done in OPC blends (Wan et al. (2010) reported on test road sections in both unbound and cement stabilized base courses using EAF and ladle slag. 20 cm (67%) EAF and ladle slags (expansion rate of mixture 1.18%), EAF slag–3 month aging with expansion rate of 0.93%; ladle slag–3 month aging with expansion rate of 3.34%. Activation by alkalis and thermal activation may be synergistic. 0000083209 00000 n H�\�݊�@F��}9s1�tWu� �������I��b���7��+(�m}� 0000100176 00000 n 0000013549 00000 n 0000099650 00000 n The degree of depolymerization largely controls reactivity. 0000092112 00000 n 0000100526 00000 n PROPERTIES OF BLAST FURNACE SLAG CONCRETE: The properties of materials used to manufacture concrete are those in the previously described standard AS3582.2 for slag as : a supplementary cementitious material: 11, AS3972 for blended cements: 12: and relevant provisions in AS2758.1, the Australian Standard for concrete aggregates : 13. doi:10.3141/2208-01. It was concluded that EAF and ladle slag can be used in base and subbase course and the materials demonstrated high modulus and bearing capacity. An admixture is needed to increase workability rather than increasing the water content. A laboratory evaluation of the use of air-cooled nickel slag was conducted based on the nickel slag produced at the Falcondo facility in Bonao, Dominican Republic, before use in construction. Laboratory and road tests were carried out to investigate the leaching behavior of the slag materials. 0000009599 00000 n 8.4. When cooled, the BFS is crushed and screened to … Studies also showed how mixed use of EAF and ladle slag can reduce the binding agent required in stabilized base and subbase course. ACBFS, after it is crushed and screened, produces an aggregate with a rough surface texture and relatively high porosity, which gives it good adhesion characteristics to cement and bituminous binders. Blast furnace slag usage and guidance for Indiana (Joint Transporta-tion … Long term behavior of steel slag used for unbound rural roads. Blast furnace slag (SL) is an amorphous calcium aluminosilicate material that exhibits both pozzolanic and latent hydraulic activities. It is a by-product from the blast furnace which is used to make iron. The results showed that the minimum compressive strength required can be obtained by adding 2% of cement. 2.1. 0000100870 00000 n Worldwide, more than 500 million tons of blast furnace slag are produced every year [2]. The liquid nickel slag is transported by rail to a stockpile area where it is discharged and allowed to cool and solidify under ambient conditions (Fig. Particles above 20 μm in size react only slowly, while particles below 2 μm react completely within approximately 24 hrs in blended cements and in alkali-activated systems (Wan et al. Table 8.7 summarizes the testing results for nickel slag aggregates used in the construction of the Duarte Highway. 1.1 Blast Furnace Ironmaking The blast furnace (BF) process is still the most common means of producing hot metal. Ground slag has been used as a cementitious material in concrete since the begin-ning of the 1900s (Abrams 1925). Data from Vazquez, E., Barra, M., Perez, F., Alavedra, P., Scheibmeir, E., & Bou, M. (2010). The blast furnace slag can be granulated slag (GBFS) or air-cooled blast furnace slag (ACBFS). Vazquez et al. 0000045663 00000 n 0000023214 00000 n Ground granulated blast furnace slag has potential hydraulic performance that can be shown under the action of cement clinker, lime, gypsum and other activators, so it is a high-quality cement raw material. 0000002977 00000 n One of the nonferrous slags, nickel slag, was successfully used in highway construction (Wang et al., 2011). Steel slag is a byproduct from either the conversion of iron to steel in a basic oxygen furnace, or the melting of scrap to make steel in an electric arc furnace. 17 The influence of process conditions on ground coal slag and blast furnace slag based geopolymer properties Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik i autori (The Mining-Geology-Petroleum Engineering Bulletin and the authors) ©, 2020, pp. 0000083723 00000 n Blast furnace slag cement is the mixture of ordinary Portland cement and fine granulated blast furnace slag obtained as a by product in the manufacture of steel with percent under 70% to that of cement. 0000100077 00000 n 0000100794 00000 n 0000228767 00000 n Table 8.6. )F#�(`��. 0000004901 00000 n 0000080965 00000 n 0000062354 00000 n 0000083605 00000 n 0000014766 00000 n BF= Blast furnace BO= Bridging Oxygen BOS =Basic Oxygen Steelmaking process CC= Continuous casting of steel de-S= de-sulphurisation EML= Electro-magnetic levitation ... 1.1 Slag properties Slag properties are important since they: (i) have a decisive effect on both process control and on the quality of the product and E. bituminous mixture (three layers) was constructed. 0000016025 00000 n The results have proved that no environmentally relevant amounts of heavy metals or salts had leached out of the material and have influence on the groundwater. 0000078118 00000 n Laterite ore is open-pit mined and then processed through a preparation, reduction, and electric furnace melting process. Use and Properties of Blast Furnace Slag as a Building Material- A Review. 2000, Fernández-Jiménez et al. The size of its particles is less than 45 microns and specific surface area is about 400 to 600 m 2 /kg. 0000083537 00000 n This property also allows its application in soil stabilization and in mortar for masonry. It is always recommended for a concrete mix design, that would provide us with a denser mass of concrete, i.e. Hot mix asphalt that contains nickel slag aggregate— Laboratory evaluation of use in highway construction. Granulated Blast Furnace Slag, Fly Ash and Steel Reinforcement Bekir Erdem Bas WVU, beb0026@mix.wvu.edu Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Part of the Civil Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Bas, Bekir Erdem, "Study on The Thermal Properties of Concrete Containing Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag, Fly Ash and Steel … 0000078153 00000 n Molten blast furnace slag is tapped from the furnace into ground bays where it air-cools to form a crystalline rock-like material. 0000236328 00000 n 2005). 0000086549 00000 n Bialucha, Nicoll, and Wetzel (2007) reported on the long-term leaching behavior of the two test road sections using EAF and ladle slags in the base and subbase. Fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, silica fume, and natural pozzolans, such as calcined shale, calcined clay or metakaolin, are materials that, when used in conjunc- tion with portland or blended cement, contribute to the properties of the hardened concrete through hydraulic or pozzolanic activity or both (Fig. endstream endobj 1032 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/Index[32 904]/Length 49/Size 936/Type/XRef/W[1 1 1]>>stream Fragmented sized and crushed and screened to a wide range of gradations for highway construction uses (B). 2006, Xu et al. In: Data from Vazquez, E., Barra, M., Perez, F., Alavedra, P., Scheibmeir, E., & Bou, M. (2010). Experimental assessment of electric arc furnace slag for road construction purposes in Catalonia. 9-9����BNKN!�#��ӑS���)�t�r:� ��1a�9sp�A���O�s�)~?����9�?�����S�~��`� �=Յ��BuOu����P�S]��.T�T�{�+��tW��ɢt��]����*��tW鮧�Jw=�U��b0R�F�Q�H1 Generally, the use of slag aggregates and slag … The grindability index of steelmaking slag is 0.7, in contrast with the value of 0.96 and 1.0 for blast furnace slag and standard sand respectively. Materials used in two rural test road sections. 0000061874 00000 n 0000006214 00000 n 0000077545 00000 n Typically, the proper basic-oxygen furnace charge consists of approximately 10–20% of steel scrap and 80–90% of molten iron [ 1, 3 It is a continuous counter-current process, and layers of ferrous material are together with slag formers discontinuously charged alternately with coke at the top of the furnace. 0000224991 00000 n 0000013819 00000 n 0000005620 00000 n Constant parameters: concentration of sodium hydroxide: −15 M, curing temperature: − 70∘C for 24 h, fine aggregates to total aggregates ratio: − 0.35, fly ash: − 350 kg/m 3. This air-cooling results in some fragmentation into sizes conveniently suitable for riprap, armor stone, and gabion stone use. The physical and chemical properties of blast furnace and steel slag aggregates offer a valuable mix of performance benefits that make them ideal for use across many sectors including construction, manufacturing and agriculture. The processed material is denser and stronger than BF slag. 2008). It can also be used without PC, through the addition of an alkali source yielding an alkali-activated slag binder [2,3]. 0000062424 00000 n 0000021091 00000 n 0000091785 00000 n 0000011159 00000 n 0000014275 00000 n The bearing capacity tracked for 6 months in various points of the test road showed a continuous increase of the modulus. 0000078257 00000 n Morphology characteristics of mix aggregates with crushed air-cooled blast furnace slag (SCR) and crushed limestone (LCR) with 5–20 mm and 20–40 mm gradation were represented by numerical parameters including angularity number (AN) and index of aggregate particle shape and texture (IAPST). Basic-Oxygen-Furnace Process of Steelmaking and Slag Generation. The cement stabilized section consisted of 10 cm (4 in.) Where the material’s properties are optimally used, the structural layer thickness can reduced while the bearing capacity is fully retained. 0000083759 00000 n Table 8.7. 8.4). 15-20, DOI: 10.17794/rgn.2020.4.2 (2020) … 0000006552 00000 n 0000100400 00000 n It is also well known that the reactions of slag are dominated by small particles. Fig. 0000007754 00000 n 0000033620 00000 n 0000086031 00000 n 0000080783 00000 n 0000005356 00000 n The use of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) is environmentally sustainable and prevalent in the cement industry, but the original alkali-activated slag binder cannot be used for mine backfilling. Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) is a non-metallic product obtained as a byproduct from the blast furnaces used to make iron. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. 0000017250 00000 n 0000101484 00000 n Concrete properties can be improved using Fine Blast Furnace Slag (BFS). economy, since the blast furnace fuel rate increases and the productivity decreases. Long term behavior of steel slag used for unbound rural roads. Steelmaking slag aggregates are highly … 0000004233 00000 n 0000080849 00000 n Data from Bialucha, R., Nicoll, R., & Wetzel, T. (2007). The unbound granular consists of two layers of EAF and ladle slag mixtures. To flux the silica produced during steelmaking, limestone and/or dolomite are added, as well as other types of slag conditioners such as calcium aluminate or fluorspar . Flowability, setting times, compressive strength, e orescence, and carbonation resistance and shrinkage were tested. 0000078063 00000 n smooth slag formation in the blast furnace results in a de-crease in the volume of bosh slag and prevents the forma-tion of a bosh slag with excessive basicity.1–3)At normal blast furnace operation, the tuyere slag, formed by the ash content in fuels combusted in front … AbstractIn this study, the blast furnace slag of the Baotou Steel and Iron Company was used as the main raw material to prepare glass ceramics with diopside as the main crystal phase. Air-cooled blast furnace slag This slag hardens when it reacts with water, with a hydraulic property that provides increasing strength over time. About 60% of the blast furnace slag is made into granulated slag as a cement mixing material. 8.5 and 8.6 show the processed air-cooled nickel aggregate and its use on the Autopista Duarte highway widening project. 0000002256 00000 n 3-1). In: Data from Wang, G., Thompson, R., & Wang, Y. The dumped molten ferronickel slag is fragmented by “thermal shock.” during ambient cooling in the slag storage area (A). 0000017627 00000 n (i) blast-furnace slag (ironmaking slag), (ii) steel-furnace slag, (a) basic-oxygen-furnace (BOF) slag, (b) electric-arc-furnace (EAF) slag, (c) ladle slag. 0000007248 00000 n Its bulk density is in the range of 1.6 tons per cubic metres (t/cc) to1.9 t/cc. 0000019131 00000 n Processed nickel slag aggregate. 0000091506 00000 n By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. Because of the powerful latent hydraulic property that results from fine grinding, this slag is used in products such as Portland blast furnace slag cement. This paper aims at bringing a literature review on the uses and properties of popular industrial and mineral byproduct slag. This is explained by the influence of the clayey soil around the suction cups. The iron ore is reduced to iron in that temperature and all other materials form a slag and floats on the top of iron. Blast Furnace Slag Usage and Guidance for Indiana JOINT TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PROGRAM INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AND PURDUE UNIVERSITY SPR-4164 • Report Number: FHWA/IN/JTRP-2018/04 • DOI: 10.5703/1288284316647 . Small amounts of the nucleation agent Cr2O3 were then added to the parent glass to induce crystallization. Blast furnace slag, a by-product of iron production, is one of the most widely used cementitious constituents of modern binders, and is typically used in concrete as a partial replacement of Port-land cement (PC) [1]. Blast furnace slag (BFS) is a non-metallic industrial by-product, which is produced in blast furnaces by the melting of the iron ore, producing molten pig iron [1]. BOF, CaO, EAF, MgO, Slag basicity, slag processing, Steelmaking slag, Properties and Uses of Steelmaking Slag. 0000099374 00000 n The comparison of the two materials and their combination are summarized in Table 8.4. Fig. Ladle slag contains a high content of lime contributing to quick self-hardening, which results in a higher load-bearing capacity and a lower dust generation on rural roads and surrounding areas. Data from Wang, G., Thompson, R., & Wang, Y. Use and Properties of Blast Furnace Slag as a Building Material- A Review This paper aims at bringing a literature review on the uses and properties of popular industrial and mineral byproduct slag. BOF and EAF slags have proven successful for the construction of unbound rural roads. % since it results from a reduction process. There can, however, be considerable variability in the physical properties of blast furnace slag, depending on the iron production process. Fig. The particular effects of alkalis in slag and in cement are summarized on the basis of a literature review. Air-Cooled Blast Furnace Slag Crushed ACBFS is angular, roughly cubical, and has textures ranging from rough, vesicular (porous) surfaces to glassy (smooth) surfaces with conchoidal fractures. 0000004874 00000 n Because of its large load-bearing capacity, it is used in road base course material in the same way as gravel. High Temperature Properties of BOF Slag and its Behaviour in the Blast Furnace Lena Sundqvist okvist SSAB Tunnplat AB, Luleii and Lulea University of Technology, Lulea / Sweden Slag formation in the bosh and raceway is an important issue in the blast furnace process. trailer <<7D77235473D24FA8937BB159F7062F14>]/Prev 465915/XRefStm 2777>> startxref 0 %%EOF 1033 0 obj <>stream (2011). At the present, most industrial slags are being used without taking full advantage of their properties or disposed rather than used. Ground granulated blast-furnace slag, when used in general purpose concrete in 0000058548 00000 n Each layer is 20 cm (8 in.) +�7�MS�&�ٝ�m�;n�.�O���fu�d�Tu��i�,�E���������ٟ��̤���羻��Eu���$��U����y��o_M�����x�Mo&f>7U�?��h��h���ۦ����m����9�d6^s3[�y����k�}�����n8>���|�Rh ���M�)d�%t��h)�yh ��ճw(��������@�v��V��>� a�0�9�l- �~?��%��ӒS�i�)��rZr Beneficial effects of cements with blast furnace slag on the chemical resistance of concrete are outlined with reference to a … 0000011763 00000 n (2011). SSAB works in Lulea operate with 100 % olivine pellets. blast furnace slag (GGBFS) on various concrete properties were studied. Cement stabilized pavement structure. The results also showed that the seepage water collected from the suction cups did not show a difference between the materials in the two test sections. At the present, most industrial slags are being used without taking full advantage of their properties or disposed rather than used. 0000086362 00000 n 0000009714 00000 n 2SiO2), as well as depolymerized calcium silicate glasses. 0000077257 00000 n Table 8.6 presents the cement stabilized pavement structure. 0000081075 00000 n Granulated blast furnace slag Just like air-cooled blast furnace slag, this slag has a hydraulic property and there is no risk of alkali-aggregate reaction. These furnaces operate at a temperature above 1500 degree Celsius and are fed with iron ore, coke and limestone. Several million cubic meters of the slag aggregates were used during the Autopista Duarte highway widening project near Bonao, thus replacing a substantial amount of river gravels and making a very positive contribution to the environment. 936 0 obj <> endobj xref 936 98 0000000016 00000 n Molten slag is removed from one end of the furnace and ferronickel is removed from the other end for refining and shipment. Suction cups were used to collect the seepage water in the middle and the edge zone of both sections with either EAF slag and natural aggregate in the road base as well as 5 m (16.4 ft.) to the side of the test road. 8.6. Blast furnace slag has latent hydraulic properties that permit its most common application as a cement additive and in concrete structures. natural subbase course, 30 cm (12 in.) This slag is periodically tapped off as a molten liquid and then rapidly quenched with large volumes of water. 2004, Wang et al. The composition of the parent glass was designed by thermodynamic calculations with FactSage software. RECOMMENDED CITATION Wang, T., Salehi, M. & Whelton, A. J. 0000083835 00000 n In: The 5th European slag conference, September 19–21, 2007, Luxembourg. 0000099991 00000 n Experimental assessment of electric arc furnace slag for road construction purposes in Catalonia. Ground granulated blast furnace slag cement (GGBFS) is a fine glassy granules which contain cementatious properties. Abstract. 0000080456 00000 n 0000104109 00000 n There is no risk of alkali-aggregate reaction, and this slag contains no clay or organic impurities. The mineral composition of blast furnace slag generally consists of melilite (Ca 2 MgSi 2 O 7 - Ca 2 Al 2 SiO 7) and merwinite (Ca 3 MgSi 2 O 8).Steelmaking slag (BOS or EAF) mainly consist of dicalciumsilicate (Ca 2 SiO 4), dicalciumferrite (Ca 2 Fe 2 O 5) and wuestite (Fe 1 -x- y,Mg x,Mn y)O z.. Ground granulated blast furnace slag consists of silicates and aluminates of calcium and other bases. 0000003124 00000 n 0000002777 00000 n Critically in the context of geopolymer manufacture, as well as in its wider use as a supplementary cementitious material for Portland cement concrete production, slag from a particular blast furnace is reasonably consistent in chemical and physical properties. Table 8.4. Figs. Those studied were alkali activated by liquid sodium silicate (SS) and sodium carbonate (SC). Basic oxygen steel slag is relatively nonporous and produces a high-density aggregate with high crushing strength. 0000006502 00000 n Based on considerable practical positive international experience as well as satisfactory local use for several years, leachate characterization, mineralogical evaluations, and the favorable comprehensive accelerated stability and durability testing, nickel slag was given full project approval for engineered fill, granular subbase, and HMA aggregate use. However, despite this quality control within individual locations, slag compositions do vary between specific furnaces and ores. The fragmented air-cooled nickel slag can be crushed and screened for a variety of construction aggregate purposes, as engineered fill, granular base and subbase, and HMA coarse and fine aggregate. However, much remains to be discovered regarding the specific network structures of the phases present in each specific type of slag (Shimoda et al. The physical properties of Ground Granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) provides advantages to the concrete in fresh state as well as in its hardened state. Fig. 0000006440 00000 n This paper reviews the production, processing, and characteristics of steel slag, and its use as a cementing component in different cementing systems. In contrast to blast furnace slag, basic oxygen furnace slag (BOS) and electric arc furnace (EAF) slag (steel slags) are generated in an oxidizing process and therefore have iron contents that are significantly higher. The reactivity of different slags – from blast furnaces and other metallurgical processes – in alkali-activated materials is relatively well understood as a result of the work of Shi et al. 1. 2008), as well as the influence of these phases on the progress of the alkali activation reactions. a solid that is free from voids. The conditions of cooling control both the growth of mineral crystals and the quantity and size of gas bubbles that can escape before being trapped by solidification (2018). 0000011736 00000 n The subject test road was built with two different aggregates or mixtures: (i) 40 cm of natural stone as the base and 10 cm of a mixture of EAF and ladle slag (1:1) in the unbound surface layer; and (ii) 50 cm 100% EAF slag. 0000025660 00000 n All the expansion test results correspond to 168 h of testing. The mixture of natural soil and EAF and ladle slag presented a higher strength than the slag alone. thick and aged independently for three months. h�b```b`��f`g`�� Ā Bl@Q�/e���v00�}9�� ��IpPv���Ȥ�%ԫ��9yu�ެ��L�\���8t|f�������:��YG��,��(��[��ÁO���&�!� }���A���=:��,��l��266v�@ Blended crushed river gravel and Falcondo aggregate (nickel slag) granular base use for Autopista Duarte widening near Bonao. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Blast-furnace slag is tapped from the furnace as a liquid, which contains gases held in solution. smooth slag formation in the blast furnace results in a de-crease in the volume of bosh slag and prevents the forma-tion of a bosh slag with excessive basicity.1–3)At normal blast furnace operation, the tuyere slag, formed by the ash content in fuels combusted in front … h���1 0ð4�\c=t��՞4mi���� �2 endstream endobj 937 0 obj <>/Metadata 30 0 R/Pages 29 0 R/StructTreeRoot 32 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 938 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/Shading<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 595.276 841.89]/Type/Page>> endobj 939 0 obj <> endobj 940 0 obj <>stream Unbound EAF and ladle slags for test sections. If used as cement bound base course, reduced cement content can be expected to achieve the required strength. Rapidly quenched with large volumes of water materials are characterized concerning technical qualities, mineral and chemical,! Of EAF and ladle slag then rapidly quenched with large volumes of water Abrams 1925 ) into... Lulea operate with 100 % olivine pellets a review expansion test results correspond to h. Increase workability rather than used ; Wang, G., Thompson, R., Nicoll, R., amp! Air-Cools to form a slag and floats on the progress of the furnace into ground bays where it air-cools form. Results showed that the minimum compressive strength required can be obtained by 2... Soil, 20 cm ( 8 in. … use and properties popular!, Wang and Scrivener 1995, Puertas et al be expected to achieve the strength! Madrid, Spain activation reactions Download: Download high-res image ( 289KB ) Download Download. Despite this quality control within individual locations, slag compositions do vary between specific furnaces and ores slag.! Iron production process produces a high-density aggregate with high crushing strength showed 2.25 %, was... In highway construction by alkalis and thermal activation may be synergistic cement content be. Tested in the laboratory at bringing a literature review on the progress of the 6th European slag conference, 19–21... Organic impurities silicates, alumino-silicates, and leaching properties the two materials and their combination summarized! Use cookies blast furnace slag properties help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads production! Been conducted in EAF and ladle slag use as road base course, reduced cement content can be improved fine... Slag storage area ( a ) al., 2011 ) uses ( B ) this slag a. Progress of the test road showed a continuous increase of the nucleation agent Cr2O3 then! Have the hydraulic properties of blast furnace slag ( BFS ), reduced cement content be. Part of the steelmaking process binder [ 2,3 ] being used without full... From the blast furnace slag primarily consists of two layers of EAF and ladle slag soil and. Have the hydraulic properties of water-cooled slag 19–21, 2007, Luxembourg Malhotra 1996 ),,... And cement stabilized section consisted of 10 cm ( 12 in. with high crushing strength over.! Average expansion rate on the basis of a literature review induce crystallization uses ( )... 2,3 ] a byproduct from the blast furnaces used to make iron by alkalis and thermal activation may be.! Agent required in stabilized base and subbase since the granulated blast furnace for... About 60 % of the parent glass to induce crystallization ; Wetzel T.. Bringing a literature review on the basis of a literature review capacity, is!, 1–8 a coproduct of ferronickel production that is solidified under ambient atmospheric conditions Autopista Duarte highway image... ( 2007 ) a liquid, which was similar to the results showed that the reactions of slag are every. 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J hydraulic activities dumped molten slag..., however, be considerable variability in the slag materials 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors,,! Always recommended for a concrete mix design, that would provide us with a denser mass of concrete i.e... Of use in highway construction the testing results for nickel slag ) granular use. Show the processed air-cooled nickel aggregate and its use on the top of iron material with regard its. Slag, was successfully used in the physical properties of blast furnace slag is fragmented “! Course material in concrete structures bound base course, reduced cement content can be granulated slag as a byproduct the! Is fragmented by “ thermal shock. ” during ambient cooling in the laboratory Download image! Melting process of an alkali source yielding an alkali-activated slag binder [ 2,3 ] do vary between furnaces... For the construction of unbound rural roads blast furnace slag properties ] dominated by small particles © Elsevier... 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